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Existing simulation models have difficulty in accurately modeling oversaturated traffic conditions on freeways. A new behavioral algorithm for oversaturated freeway flow can be used in microscopic simulation models; it was developed as part of the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) project, sponsored by FHWA. The proposed algorithm is an integrated car-following and lane-changing modeling framework that is consistent with the kinematic wave theory. The algorithm can explicitly model mandatory and discretionary lane changing, including cooperation during lane changing. As an extension of the algorithm, a new on-ramp merging model was developed and incorporated into the model. The proposed algorithm also accounts for the relaxation process following lane changing. The proposed model includes a small number of parameters that can be readily measured in the field. The proposed model was implemented into a microscopic simulator, and it was validated with both vehicle trajectory data and macroscopic detector data from an NGSIM test site. The results show good agreement with real-world traffic behavior. The study products, including an algorithm description, analysis results, and computer code, are documented and made available to developers and users of traffic simulation tools.
Yeo et al. (Tue,) studied this question.