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We introduce a method for tracking a Rayleigh-fading channel with Orthogonal Frequency Division multiplexing (OFDM) so that multi-amplitude bit rate schemes such as 16 QAM may be used in a wireless channel. In addition, we derive a distribution to predict the symbol error rate of the modulation scheme. The modulation scheme is applied to an indoor wireless system operating at a rate of 25 Mb/s. The probability of error derived from simulation shows good agreement with the theoretically predicted probability of error. We keep a fairly large bit rate by using few training symbols; in simulation, the error propagation accounts for a slight increase in symbol error rate, but is not catastrophic due to the use of rotationally-invariant 16 QAM constellations.>
Wilson et al. (Tue,) studied this question.