What is the incidence of venous obstruction following insertion of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator?
Venous obstruction occurs frequently after ICD implantation, highlighting the need for contrast venography prior to system upgrades or when lead malfunction is suspected.
This study shows that venous obstruction occurs relatively frequently after ICD implantation. Therefore, contrast venography should always be obtained if malfunction of a preexistent lead is suspected or a system upgrade is considered.
Lars Lickfett (Mon,) studied this question.
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