Armed conflict as a public health problem

Armed conflict between warring states and groups within states have been major causes of ill health and mortality for most of human history. Conflict obviously causes deaths and injuries on the battlefield, but also health consequences from the displacement of, the breakdown of health and social services, and the heightened risk of disease transmission. Despite the size of the health consequences, mili­tary conflict has not received the same attention from health research and policy as many other causes of illness and death. In contrast, political scientists have long studied the causes of war but have primarily been interested in the decision of elite groups to go to war, not in human death and misery. We review the limited knowledge on the health consequences of conflict, suggest ways to improve measurement, and discuss the potential for risk assess­ ment and for preventing and ameliorating the of conflict.