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The cell-type-, organ- and species-specific expression of the surface and endosomally located Toll-like receptors are well described but little is known about the respective expression profiles of cytosolic pattern recognition molecules. We therefore determined the mRNA expression levels of 15 cytosolic pattern recognition molecules in 11 solid organs of human and mice. Human organs revealed lower mRNA levels of most molecules as in spleen but at least 2-fold higher were inflammasome-related NOD, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 1-3 (NLRP1-3) and -12 in brain, LGP2, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and NLRP10 in liver, NLRP10 in small intestine, LGP2, RIG-I, NAIP, NLRP2 and -3 in testis and RIG-I, NLRP2 and -10 in muscle. In mice, most organs also expressed lower mRNA levels compared with spleen. Only NLRP6 in liver, NAIP and NLRP6 in small intestine, LGP2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NLRP1, -2, -6, -10 and -12 in colon and MDA5, RIG-I, NLRC4, NOD1, -2, NLRP1, -2, -6, -10 and -12 mRNA levels in kidney were higher. Resting human and mouse monocytes and T cells expressed most molecules and produced IL-1 beta and CCL5/RANTES upon activation. However, murine monocytes strongly up-regulated, whereas human monocytes down-regulated receptor expression upon activation. These data suggest that the cell-type-, organ- and species-specific expression and regulation need to be considered in the design and interpretation of related studies.
Lech et al. (Mon,) studied this question.