Genetically engineered rotavirus-like particle vaccines and maternal vaccination strategies show promise for preventing group A rotavirus diarrhea in young livestock and poultry.
Genetically engineered rotavirus-like particle vaccines show promise as subunit vaccines to boost lactogenic immunity in livestock, potentially overcoming the limitations of live attenuated vaccines.
Group A rotaviruses cause diarrhea in young livestock and poultry; consequently, vaccination strategies have focused on induction of active or passive immunity. Gnotobiotic pigs and calves serve as useful models to evaluate induction of active immunity by candidate animal or human rotavirus vaccines. However, live attenuated rotavirus vaccines lacked efficacy when administered orally to calves and pigs in the field, presumably because colostral antibodies inhibited vaccine virus replication. The widespread occurrence of rotavirus antibodies in colostrum led to strategies for maternal rotavirus vaccination to boost lactogenic immunity and transfer passive antibodies to the neonate via colostrum and milk. The variable success of maternal rotavirus vaccines in the field is influenced by vaccine dose, strain, inactivating agent, adjuvant, route of administration, and environmental rotavirus exposure levels. The use of genetically engineered rotavirus-like particle vaccines in cows to boost antibodies in mammary secretions shows promise. Such subunit vaccines possess potential advantages over existing vaccines.
Saif et al. (Sun,) conducted a review in Group A rotavirus infection in livestock and poultry. Group A rotavirus veterinary vaccines was evaluated. Genetically engineered rotavirus-like particle vaccines and maternal vaccination strategies show promise for preventing group A rotavirus diarrhea in young livestock and poultry.