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The studies described in this paper explored the effects of layoffs on the work behaviors and attitudes of the employees not laid off (the survivors). Survivors were hypothesized to become more withdrawn from their jobs and organization to the extent that they believe management handled the layoff unfairly. Moreover, these tendencies should be especially true when the layoff victims were included in survivors' scope of justice. The results of field and laboratory studies supported these predictions. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Joel Brockner (Sun,) studied this question.