Tailored Atrial Substrate Modification Based on Low-Voltage Areas in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

LVAs can be found at preferred sites in 10% of patients with paroxysmal AF and in 35% of patients with persistent AF. This is the first clinical report describing a consistent voltage-based approach for substrate modification in addition to circumferential pulmonary vein isolation irrespective of AF type. Application of this limited individualized approach may have the potential to compensate for the impaired 12-month outcome of patients with endocardial structural defects.