Performance measures and metrics in logistics and supply chain management: a review of recent literature (1995–2004) for research and applications

Abstract Performance measures and metrics are essential for effectively managing logistics operations, particularly in a competitive global economy. The global economy is featured with global operations, outsourcing and supply chain and e-commerce. The real challenge for managers of this new enterprise environment is to develop suitable performance measures and metrics to make right decisions that would contribute to an improved organizational competitiveness. Now the question is whether traditional performance measures can be used and out of them which ones should be given priority for measuring the performance in a new enterprise environment. Some of the traditional measures and metrics may not be suitable for the new environment wherein many activities are not easily identifiable. Measuring intangibles and nonfinancial performance measures pose the greater challenge in the so-called knowledge economy. Nevertheless, measuring them is so critical for the successful operations of companies in this environment. Considering the importance of nonfinancial measures and intangibles, an attempt has been made in this paper to determine the key performance measures and metrics in supply chain and logistics operations. This is based on a literature survey and some of the reported case experiences. Suggestions for future research directions are also indicated. Keywords: Performance measuresMetricsLogisticsSupply chain Acknowledgments The authors are most grateful to two anonymous reviewers and Professor John Middle for their constructive and helpful comments on the earlier version of the manuscript which helped to improve the presentation of the paper considerably. Notes †Only selected articles reviewed. †Intermediate results will be provided upon request.