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To enhance the performance of hybrid electric vehicle and continuously variable transmission, and to achieve more varied operation modes, a novel breed of integrated electromechanical converter is presented, such as electrical variable transmission (EVT) and four-quadrant transducer. Synthesizing two electric machines, they are essentially electromagnetic theory-based converters with the function of speed, torque, and energy regulation. The feature of flexible and variable control makes them very suitable for use in automobiles, especially in hybrid electric vehicles, as a continuously variable transmission and integrated starter and generator. Furthermore, the operation of the internal combustion engine is optimized, and the reduction of fuel consumption and the improvement of vehicle performance are also achieved. Corresponding to different road loads and driver demands, several operating states and control strategies are possible. Based on a simplified structure, the mathematical model of the EVT has been built, and its power flow and control strategies under different operation modes, are also analyzed
Cheng et al. (Tue,) studied this question.