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The paper is based on one assumption and presents two conjectures. The assumption states that social exclusion is the main obstacle for development, characterised as the expansion of freedoms and capabilities. The conjectures are: (i) there is an emerging trend that directly relates knowledge policies to social inclusion; (ii) this trend offers a new opportunity for fostering innovation capabilities in developing countries. The difficulties to put knowledge and innovation at the service of development were highlighted forty years ago by the Sussex Manifesto; the explanatory role of the economic structure of developing countries and the way academic work is rewarded internationally were especially analysed. These difficulties are recognised in today's literature on development almost in the same terms. A fresh look into policies able to foster positive systemic relations between knowledge, innovation and social inclusion is necessary. The paper posits that inclusive systems of innovation can emerge from such policies.
Arocena et al. (Sun,) studied this question.