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The reversible intercalation of ions into manganese dioxide was first reported in an aqueous system and a large capacity was measured. A cycle life test was performed at , and after , no capacity fading was found, which indicates the good cycling properties of manganese dioxide toward the insertion of zinc ions. X-ray photoelectron spectrum measurements indicated that ions in the electrolyte are involved in the charge storage process of manganese dioxide. X-ray diffraction results exhibited the kinetic stability of the host structure in allowing high-capacity, single-phase, and reversible zinc-ion intercalation.
Xu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.