Compact monocrystalline silicon solar modules with high voltage outputs and mechanically flexible designs

A type of compact (∼cm2) high voltage photovoltaic module that utilizes large collections of ultrathin (∼15 μm), small (∼45 μm wide, ∼1 mm long) silicon solar cells was fabricated and characterized. Integration on thin sheets of plastic yielded flexible modules with per-cell efficiencies of ∼8%, voltage outputs >200 V, and maximum power outputs >1.5 mW.