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The white backlight in displays is generated by optimizing the proportions of individual emitters with different wavelengths by variations in materials composition, phase, and structure. Color pixels usually result from the separation of white light or the excitation with multiwavelength or multipulse sources. However, it is a challenge to develop a material that comprises a single structure and emits over the full visible spectrum, but where the emission wavelengths can be controlled by a simple excitation source. Herein, we report an upconversion nanostructure that incorporates several lanthanide ions in the same core@shell@shell structure. The combination of multiple narrow spectral bands results in the emission of white light. The emission colors can be tuned by changing the excitation power density, which manipulates the photon transfer pathways. Applications such as flat-panel displays and imaging have been demonstrated.
Zhang et al. (2015) studied this question.