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In this issue of the Journal, Sankaranarayanan et al.1 report the results of a randomized clinical trial of screening for cervical cancer involving more than 130,000 women in India. The authors conclusively showed that a single round of screening for human papillomavirus (HPV) dramatically reduced the incidence of advanced cervical cancer and cervical-cancer mortality within 8 years far more than a single conventional cytologic test or visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA). The implications of the findings of this trial are immediate and global: international experts in cervical-cancer prevention should now adapt HPV testing for widespread implementation. . . .
Schiffman et al. (2009) studied this question.
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