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In this article I reanalyze a recent review of research on relationships between participation and performance or satisfaction; next I compare the results of this reanalysis with the findings of 10 other reviews. Despite ostensible differences among the initial findings of the 11 reviews, further analysis indicates that they all support the same conclusion: Research suggests that participation can have statistically significant effects on performance and satisfaction, but the average size of these effects is small enough to raise concerns about practical significance.
John A. Wagner (Fri,) studied this question.