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Glaser (1963) and Popham and Husek (1969) were the first to introduce and to popularize the field of criterion-referenced testing. Their motive was to provide the kind of test score information needed to make a variety of individual and programmatic decisions arising in objectivesbased instructional programs. Norm-referenced tests were seen as less than ideal for providing the desired kind of test score information. At present students at all levels of education are taking criterion-
Hambleton et al. (Wed,) studied this question.