The Epidemiology and Causes of Childhood Injuries

Injuries are the leading cause of death in children and adolescents after the first year of life. For individuals of all ages, the costs from motor vehicle injuries alone, when compared to other leading causes of death, are second only to the costs of cancer. Injuries are discussed within the conceptual framework of the events surrounding the injury and the classic epidemiological parameters of host, agent, and environment. Important host factors for childhood injuries include age, sex, behavioral characteristics of the child, family background, and use of drugs and alcohol. The environment encompasses the socioeconomic environment of the child, the physical environment, and the legislative environment. Specific agents or vectors of injury are discussed, including fireworks, poisoning, flammable fabrics, hot tapwater, farm equipment, and firearms. Approaches to injury prevention are suggested, both for research investigation and child advocacy.