The capillary instability of vertical liquid jets of different viscosities have been examined by imposing audio-frequency disturbances. Real time sequences of photographs allow a direct measurement of growth rates of disturbances of various wavelengths. Results show that in general non-linear effects dominate the growth processes. This is in agreement with Yuen's analysis. The growth rate of the difference between the neck and the swell, however, agrees well with the linearized analysis of Rayleigh and Chandrasekhar. The non-linear effect causes a liquid jet to disintegrate into drops with ligaments in between. The sizes of the ligaments decrease with increasing wave-number. The subsequent roll up of the ligament into droplet, the eventual coalescing of the droplet with the main drop and drop oscillation have also been studied.
Goedde et al. (1970) studied this question.