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Democracies have two basic choices for managing ethnic, national, and religious diversity. They may seek to construct a single all-embracing public identity through “integration” or try to accommodate dual or multiple public identities through “consociation.” These are the two dominant, broad-based prescriptions that are offered for addressing the conflict in Iraq. In this article, we argue that Iraq's new Constitution, ratified in 2005, reflects a “liberal” form of consociation that accommodates Iraq's democratically mobilized communities. We examine in detail the Constitution's provisions for both self-government and for shared government, and argue that these provisions represent a reasonable way forward for all of Iraq's citizens and peoples. The Constitution is defended against integrationist criticisms.
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McGarry et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69d7dc5e5c3030ff03d17edb — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mom026
John McGarry
Brendan O’Leary
International Journal of Constitutional Law
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