The association between clinical periodontal parameters and free haem concentration within the gingival crevicular fluid: a pilot study

The higher concentration of gingival crevicular fluid haem at diseased compared with healthy sites indicates that there is an association between increased levels of local free haem and periodontal disease. This may be through the pro-inflammatory actions of free haem. Further study on a larger scale is required to determine the influence of smoking between haem concentration and clinical parameters.