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An important characteristic of topological band insulators is the necessary presence of in-gap edge states on the sample boundary. We utilize this fact to show that when the boundary is reconnected with a twist, there are always zero-energy defect states. This provides a natural connection among novel defects in the two-dimensional px+ipy superconductor, the Kitaev model, the fractional quantum Hall effect, and the one-dimensional domain wall of polyacetylene.
Lee et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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