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Delivery vehicles: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used as a nanocarrier to non-invasively deliver synthetic cytosine–phosphate–guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) into cells. Compared to unconjugated single-stranded CpG ODNs, self-assembled polyvalent CpG-AuNP conjugates enhance the efficiency of cellular uptake and stimulate secretion of cytokines (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Wei et al. (Wed,) studied this question.