Photocatalysis and solar hydrogen production

Abstract Photocatalytic water splitting is a challenging reaction because it is an ultimate solution to energy and environmental issues. Recently, many new powdered photocatalysts for water splitting have been developed. For example, a NiO (0.2 wt %)/NaTaO 3 :La (2 %) photocatalyst with a 4.1-eV band gap showed high activity for water splitting into H 2 and O 2 with an apparent quantum yield of 56 % at 270 nm. Overall water splitting under visible light irradiation has been achieved by construction of a Z-scheme photocatalysis system employing visible-light-driven photocatalysts, Ru/SrTiO 3 :Rh and BiVO 4 for H 2 and O 2 evolution, and an Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ redox couple as an electron relay. Moreover, highly efficient sulfide photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production in the presence of electron donors were developed by making solid solutions of ZnS with AgInS 2 and CuInS 2 of narrow band gap semiconductors. Thus, the database of powdered photocatalysts for water splitting has become plentiful.