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Free radicals are chemical particles containing one or more unpaired electrons, which may be part of the molecule. They cause the molecule to become highly reactive. The free radicals are also known to play a dual role in biological systems, as they can be either beneficial or harmful for living systems. It is clear that there are numerous mechanisms participating on the protection of a cell against free radicals. In this review, our attention is paid to metallothioneins (MTs) as small, cysteine-rich and heavy metal-binding proteins, which participate in an array of protective stress responses. The mechanism of the reaction of metallothioneins with oxidants and electrophilic compounds is discussed. Numerous reports indicate that MT protects cells from exposure to oxidants and electrophiles, which react readily with sulfhydryl groups. Moreover, MT plays a key role in regulation of zinc levels and distribution in the intracellular space. The connections between zinc, MT and cancer are highlighted.
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Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecký
Lukáš Nejdl
Jaromír Gumulec
SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Charles University
Masaryk University
Brno University of Technology
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Ruttkay-Nedecký et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69d80895a2a48916bbbeea3f — DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14036044