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This paper proposes a theoretical model of technology that consists of three elements: workflow predictability, task predictability, and job interdependence. Various configurations of these three elements can be formed into "cells" that describe different technologies. The different modes of managerial control and self-regulation associated with each cell are discussed. The paper then combines the technology model with Hackman and Oldham's model of job redesign to form an integrated technology/job redesign model. Various relationships between technology and job characteristics are explored. A major conclusion develops from this discussion: in order to change the job characteristics that are associated with a target work system, the unavoidable introduction of uncertainty is necessary. The amount of self-regulation and the perceived degree of autonomy are shown to be critical variables that link technology and job redesign principles.
Slocum et al. (Sat,) studied this question.