Interaction of eddies and mean zonal flow on Jupiter as inferred from Voyager 1 and 2 images

Voyager 1 and 2 narrow‐angle frames were used to obtain displacements of features at resolutions of 130 km over time intervals of 1 Jovian rotation. The zonal velocity ū was constant to 1.5% during the 4 months between the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters. The latitudes of the zonal jet maxima (extrema of ū) are the same as inferred from earth‐based observations extending over the past 80 years. The curvature of the velocity profile d²ū/dy² varies with latitudinal coordinate y in the range from −3β to +2β, where β is the planetary vorticity gradient. The barotropic stability criterion is violated at about 10 latitudes between ±60°. The eddy momentum flux variation with latitude is positively correlated with dū/dy for both Voyager 1 and 2 data. The rate of conversion of eddy kinetic energy into zonal mean kinetic energy is in the range 1.5–3.0 Wm −2 , for a layer 2.5 bar deep. The time constant for resupply of zonal mean kinetic energy by eddies is in the range 2–4 months, less than the interval between Voyager encounters. The rate of energy conversion is more than 10% of the total infrared heat flux for Jupiter, in contrast with earth where it is only 0.1% of the infrared heat flux. This hundred‐fold difference suggests that the thermomechanical energy cycles are very different on the two planets.