A 4Mb embedded SLC resistive-RAM macro with 7.2ns read-write random-access time and 160ns MLC-access capability

This work proposes process/resistance variation-insensitive read schemes for embedded RRAM to achieve fast read speeds with high yields. An embedded mega-bit scale (4Mb), single-level-cell (SLC) RRAM macro with sub-8ns read-write random access time is presented. Multi-level-cell (MLC) operation with 160ns write-verify operation is demonstrated.