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The properties of TEM01* doughnut modes have been examined by frequency analysis and by two-beam interference. Interpretation in terms of an evolving helix, made up to two orthogonal TEM01 modes of different frequency, is supported by computer simulation of fringe patterns. These patterns are shown to correspond closely with photographic recordings; the implications of the phenomena for the crossed-beam technique in laser velocimetry are outlined. Finally, the possibility of developing a beam of pure helical cophasal surface is discussed and its interference patterns analyzed.
Vaughan et al. (Mon,) studied this question.