Ivabradine (1.7 mg/kg i.v.) decreased infarct size independently of heart rate reduction and improved cardiomyocyte viability by reducing mitochondrial ROS formation and increasing ATP production.
Does ivabradine reduce infarct size and improve cardiomyocyte viability independently of heart rate reduction in mouse models of ischaemia/reperfusion?
Ivabradine provides heart rate-independent cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial function and reducing ROS formation.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In pigs, ivabradine reduces infarct size even when given only at reperfusion and in the absence of heart rate reduction. The mechanism of this non-heart rate-related cardioprotection is unknown. Hence, in the present study we assessed the pleiotropic action of ivabradine in more detail. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Anaesthetized mice were pretreated with ivabradine (1.7 mg · kg(-1) i.v.) or placebo (control) before a cycle of coronary occlusion/reperfusion (30/120 min ± left atrial pacing). Infarct size was determined. Isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes were exposed to simulated ischaemia/reperfusion (60/5 min) in the absence and presence of ivabradine, viability was then quantified and intra- and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was detected. Mitochondria were isolated from mouse hearts and exposed to simulated ischaemia/reperfusion (6/3 min) in glutamate/malate- and ADP-containing buffer in the absence and presence of ivabradine respectively. Mitochondrial respiration, extramitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial ATP production and calcium retention capacity (CRC) were assessed. KEY RESULTS: Ivabradine decreased infarct size even with atrial pacing. Cardiomyocyte viability after simulated ischaemia/reperfusion was better preserved with ivabradine, the accumulation of intra- and extracellular ROS decreased in parallel. Mitochondrial complex I respiration was not different without/with ivabradine, but ivabradine significantly inhibited the accumulation of extramitochondrial ROS, increased mitochondrial ATP production and increased CRC. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Ivabradine reduces infarct size independently of a reduction in heart rate and improves ventricular cardiomyocyte viability, possibly by reducing mitochondrial ROS formation, increasing ATP production and CRC.
Kleinbongard et al. (Mon,) conducted a other in Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Ivabradine vs. Placebo was evaluated on Infarct size. Ivabradine (1.7 mg/kg i.v.) decreased infarct size independently of heart rate reduction and improved cardiomyocyte viability by reducing mitochondrial ROS formation and increasing ATP production.