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Several improvements have been made recently to the parameterization for surface longwave radiation described by Gupta. Model constants have been modified in order to use meteorological data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project instead of from the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder data, primarily to take advantage of the vastly superior cloud information available from the former. Additional modifications were made to improve the estimation of cloud effect in the presence of low-level clouds. The latter modifications reduced the systematic error of the overcast-sky fluxes from 10.0 to 1.7 W m−2 and the random error from ±18.9 to ±6.3 W m−2 when compared to the fluxes computed with a detailed radiative transfer model.
Gupta et al. (Tue,) studied this question.