Hyponatremia occurred in 37% of hospitalized orthopaedic surgery patients and was associated with longer stays, higher costs, and increased odds of discharge to an extended-care facility (OR 2.87).
Cohort (n=1,067)
No
Hyponatremia is common in orthopaedic surgery patients and is associated with longer hospital stays, higher costs, and increased likelihood of discharge to an extended-care facility.
BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia is common among orthopaedic patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We examined the prevalence, timing, causes, and outcomes of hyponatremia in adult hospitalized orthopaedic surgery patients. METHODS: We evaluated the medical records of 1067 consecutive orthopaedic surgery patients admitted to a tertiary academic institution. The medical records were reviewed to investigate hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mEq/L) that (1) had been present on hospital admission or (2) had developed postoperatively. The primary outcomes were the prevalence and timing of, and risk factors for, presentation with or development of hyponatremia. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, total hospital cost, and discharge disposition. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the variables associated with hyponatremia and the effects of hyponatremia on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 1067 patients, seventy-one (7%) had preoperative hyponatremia and 319 (30%) developed hyponatremia postoperatively. Of the latter, 298 (93%) developed hyponatremia within forty-eight hours postoperatively. Compared with patients with normonatremia, those who presented with hyponatremia, on the average, were older (67. 2 versus 60. 5 years, p < 0. 001), had longer hospital stays (4. 6 versus 3. 3 days, p < 0. 001), incurred higher hospital costs (19, 200 versus 17, 000, p = 0. 006), and were more likely to be discharged to an extended-care facility (odds ratio OR = 2. 87, p < 0. 001). Developing hyponatremia postoperatively resulted, on average, in a longer hospital stay (3. 7 versus 3. 3 days, p = 0. 002) and greater hospital cost (18, 800 versus 17, 000, p < 0. 001). Age (OR = 1. 13 per decade, p = 0. 012), spine surgery (OR = 2. 76 versus knee, p < 0. 001), hip surgery (OR = 1. 76 versus knee, p < 0. 001), and the amount of lactated Ringer solution used (OR = 1. 16, p = 0. 002) increased the risk of developing hyponatremia. CONCLUSIONS: Hyponatremia in orthopaedic patients is associated with longer, costlier hospitalizations. The factors that significantly increased the risk of developing postoperative hyponatremia were an older age, spine fusion, hip arthroplasty, and the amount of lactated Ringer solution used.
Hennrikus et al. (2015) conducted a cohort in Orthopaedic surgery (n=1,067). Hyponatremia vs. Normonatremia was evaluated on Prevalence and timing of, and risk factors for, presentation with or development of hyponatremia. Hyponatremia occurred in 37% of hospitalized orthopaedic surgery patients and was associated with longer stays, higher costs, and increased odds of discharge to an extended-care facility (OR 2.87).
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