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A mesoporous PbI2 scaffold is demonstrated to achieve high-performance planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. A remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.7% is achieved under AM1.5G 100 mW cm−2 solar irradiation with almost no hysteresis. The morphologies of the PbI2 scaffolds can be programmed by a controlled nucleation and growth mechanism. Correlations between the PbI2 film morphology and device performance are established.
Liu et al. (2015) studied this question.