Learning torque control in presence of contacts using tactile sensing from robot skin

Whole-body control in unknown environments is challenging: Unforeseen contacts with obstacles can lead to poor tracking performance and potential physical damages of the robot. Hence, a whole-body control approach for future humanoid robots in (partially) unknown environments needs to take contact sensing into account, e.g., by means of artificial skin. However, translating contacts from skin measurements into physically well-understood quantities can be problematic as the exact position and strength of the contact needs to be converted into torques. In this paper, we suggest an alternative approach that directly learns the mapping from both skin and the joint state to torques. We propose to learn such an inverse dynamics models with contacts using a mixture-of-contacts approach that exploits the linear superimposition of contact forces. The learned model can, making use of uncalibrated tactile sensors, accurately predict the torques needed to compensate for the contact. As a result, tracking of trajectories with obstacles and tactile contact can be executed more accurately. We demonstrate on the humanoid robot iCub that our approach improve the tracking error in presence of dynamic contacts.