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Mesoporous hybrid shells of carbonized polyaniline (CPANI)/Mn2O3 with well-controlled diameter and high surface area have been synthesized through surface protected calcination processes. Originating from polystyrene template, PANI, MnO2, and SiO2 were sequentially loaded, followed by template removal and calcination, resulting in the desired CPANI/Mn2O3 hybrid shells. The introduction of SiO2 shell was established to play the determining role in maintaining the configuration during calcination process under high temperature. The CPANI/Mn2O3 hybrid shells showed outstanding electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with the onset potential at +0.974 V (versus RHE), the specific current at 60.8 mA/mg, and an overall quasi 4-electron transfer, which are comparable to those of the benchmark Pt/C. The remarkable ORR performance was attributed to the high specific surface area, the surface oxidation state of Mn, and composition-codependent behavior.
Cao et al. (2016) studied this question.