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In this paper are presented the results of an investigation of the spiral motion around bends by direct measurements taken with a specially designed pitot sphere, which records the velocity components in the three planes. The characteristics of this spiral motion, as well as other pertinent aspects of the bend action, were studied experimentally. The investigations show the effect of varying the Reynolds number, the depth-breadth ratio, the radius-breadth ratio, and the deflection angle of the bend.
Ahmed Shukry (Sun,) studied this question.