Contrast-induced nephropathy following angiography and cardiac interventions

Define CIN and recognise this as a common and serious complication in susceptible patients receiving intravascular contrast media. Understand the possible pathological mechanisms underlying CIN. Describe the clinical and periprocedural risk factors for CIN and perform a risk assessment for patients receiving contrast media. Appreciate the established strategies used to prevent CIN and be aware of novel therapies. Recognise the onset of CIN and manage this complication appropriately.