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The nanometer-size crystallization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) inside the hydrophobic core region of PEDOT:PSS (PSS: poly(4-styrenesulfonate)) in a solid film is found by small and wide-angle X-ray scatterings using a synchrotron radiation source. The clarified PEDOT:PSS structure indicates that a nanocrystal of PEDOT surrounded by PSS is grown in the solid film from randomly oriented PEDOT in a micelle dispersed in water during the course of film fabrication. The addition of ethylene glycol (EG) to the PEDOT:PSS water dispersion and post-treatment of the pristine film with EG both provide similar improvements in PEDOT crystallinity. The crystallite size of PEDOT increases up to a comparable size (∼4.8 nm) to the hydrophobic PEDOT core region of the micelle. The electrical conductivity of the solid film is concurrently enhanced by 2 orders of magnitude with the growing nanocrystal of PEDOT. These findings clearly demonstrate the importance of the single crystalline PEDOT assisted by EG to obtain high electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS solid film.
Takano et al. (Thu,) studied this question.