Psychophysical interactions with a double-slit interference pattern

Previously reported experiments suggested that interference patterns generated by a double-slit optical system were perturbed by a psychophysical (i.e., mind-matter) interaction. Three new experiments were conducted to further investigate this phenomenon. The first study con- sisted of 50 half-hour test sessions where participants concentrated their attention-toward or -away from a double-slit system located 3 m away. The spectral magnitude and phase associated with the double-slit component of the interference pattern were compared between the two attention condi- tions, and the combined results provided evidence for an interaction (effect size ¼� 0.73 6 0.14, p ¼ 2.4 � 10 � 7 ). One hundred control sessions using the same equipment, protocol and analysis, but without participants present, showed no effect (effect size ¼ 0.04 6 0.10, p ¼ 0.71). A Fraunhofer diffraction model was used to explore various interpretations of this outcome. This analysis suggested that the distribution of light between the two slits and the horizontal stability of the laser beam were the principle components of the optical system that were perturbed. The sec- ond experiment used a duplicate double-slit system and similar test protocol, but it was conducted over the Internet by streaming data to participants' web browsers. Some 685 people from six conti- nents contributed 2089 experimental sessions. Results were similar to those observed in the first experiment, but smaller in magnitude (effect size ¼� 0.09 6 0.02, p ¼ 2.6 � 10 � 6 ). Data from 2303 control sessions, conducted automatically every 2 h using the same equipment but without observ- ers showed no effect (effect size ¼� 0.01 6 0.02, p ¼ 0.61). Distance between participants and the optical system, ranging from 1 km to 18,000 km, showed no correlation with experimental effect size. The third experiment used a newly designed double-slit system, a revised test protocol, and a simpler method of statistical analysis. Twenty sessions contributed by 10 participants successfully replicated the interaction effect observed in the first two studies (effect size ¼� 0.62 6 0.22, p ¼ 0.006). V C 2013 Physics Essays Publication .( http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-26.4.553) Resume´: Des experiences realisees precedemment suggerent que des franges d'interferences generees par un systeme de double fente optique peuvent etre perturbees par des interactions psycho-physiques (c'est-a `-dire des interactions entre conscience et matiere). Trois nouvelles expe ´- riences ont emenees pour etudier ce phenomene. Dans la premiere e au cours de 50 seances d'une demi heure chacune, des participants ont concentreleurs attentions soit pour influencer un systeme de double fente situee a` 3 m de distance, soit pour ignorer ce meme systeme. L'ampleur et la phase spectrale associee aux franges d'interference ont ecompares entre les deux conditions de focalisation de l'attention, et les resultats combines sont compatibles avec l'hypothese d'une inter- action entre conscience et matiere (taille d'effet ¼� 0.73 6 0.14, p ¼ 2.4 � 10 � 7 ). De plus, l'effet n'est pas present quand la meme analyse est effectuee sur cents sessions controles utilisant le meme equipement et le meme protocole, mais fonctionnant en l'absence de participants (taille d'effet ¼ 0.04 6 0.10, p ¼ 0.71). Un modele de diffraction de Fraunhofer utilisepour explorer dif- ferentes interpretations de ce resultat suggere que la distribution de la lumiere entre les deux fentes et la stabilitehorizontale du faisceau laser sont les principaux composants du systeme optique qui ont eperturbes. La seconde experience utilise un systeme de double fente et un protocole de test similaire, mais elle a etemenee sur Internet en envoyant en temps reel les donnees du systeme de double fente aux navigateurs Web des participants. 685 personnes provenant de six continents ont contribue ´ 2089 sessions experimentales. Les resultats sont similaires ala premiere experience mais la taille d'effet est de plus faible amplitude (taille d'effet ¼� 0.09 6 0.02, p ¼ 2.6 � 10 � 6 ). Les don- nees de 2303 sessions de controle, realiseautomatiquement toutes les deux heures en utilisant le meme e mais sans observateurs n'ont montreaucun effet (taille d'effet ¼� 0.01 6 0.02, p ¼ 0.61). La distance entre les participants et le systeme optique, qui va de 1 km a ` 18,000 km, n'est pas correlee avec la taille de l'effet experimental. La troisieme experience utilise un systeme