Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions

The long-held view that homeostatic mechanisms are integrated by the nervous and endocrine systems has recently been expanded by information that these systems interact with the immune system. Immune responses alter neural and endocrine function, and in turn, neural and endocrine activity modifies immunologic function1. Many regulatory peptides and their receptors previously thought to be limited to the brain or the immune system are now known to be expressed by both. Findings that link immune and neuroendocrine function provide explanations for the response of the pituitary and adrenal glands to infection and inflammation and the alterations in pituitary-thyroid and . . .