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Design, construction, and maintenance procedures require an integrated model that can provide an efficient collaboration environment. In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) bridge information models for bridge projects were developed to enable integrated and interoperable works throughout the life cycle of the bridge projects from planning to maintenance. In order to develop the model, object-based 3D models and neutral schema for interoperability were built for bridges considering work breakdown structures and product breakdown structures for different tasks. The constructed information models for the bridges were applied to cable-stayed bridge construction projects such as design check, structural analysis, automated estimation, four-dimensional (4D) scheduling, five-dimensional (5D) construction management, and digital mock-up. The developed information models and collaboration system can dramatically increase the productivity of the whole engineering process and reduce the risks in the project.
Shim et al. (Wed,) studied this question.