Asphaltene Deposition during CO2Injection and Pressure Depletion: A Visual Study

Carbon dioxide miscible flooding has become a popular method for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) because it not only efficiently enhances oil recovery but also considerably reduces green house gas emissions. However, it can significantly cause asphaltene deposition, which leads to serious production problems such as wettability alteration, plugging of the reservoir formation, blocking the transportation pipelines, etc. It is crucial to investigate the effects of different factors on asphaltene deposition. A novel experimental setup was prepared to employ a high-pressure visual cell for investigation of asphaltene deposition on a model rock under typical reservoir conditions. The evolution of asphaltene deposition was monitored via a high-resolution microscope. Image processing software was utilized to check the amount of deposited asphaltene and its size distribution under different conditions. Crudes from two Iranian oil fields were used in the experiments. The amount of asphaltene deposition was measured during pressure depletion under two operating conditions: with/without CO 2 -injection. It was observed that the amount of deposited asphaltene decreases with pressure depletion. For instance, asphaltene deposition at 140 bar and 90 °C is 5.7 times greater compared to 30 bar and 90 °C condition. The results of CO 2 gas injection confirm that the deposited asphaltene increases with the concentration of injected CO 2 . According to the results, a temperature increase from 35 to 90 °C contributes to growth and aggregation of asphaltene particles. A comparison of two different asphaltene sources in terms of aggregation and flocculation behavior revealed that the asphaltene molecular structure could have a noticeable influence on asphaltene deposition. A new parameter was defined as the potential of deposition to describe, quantify, and compare the tendency of different asphaltene samples for flocculation and deposition.