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Prespecification of confirmatory hypothesis tests is a useful tool that makes our statistical tests informative. On the other hand, selectively reporting studies, measures, or statistical tests renders the probability of false positives higher than the p values would imply. The bad news is that it is usually difficult to tell how much higher the probability is. Fortunately, there are enormous opportunities to improve the quality of our science by preregistering our research plans. Preregistration is a highly distinctive strength that should increase our faith in the veracity and replicability of a research result.
Don A. Moore (Fri,) studied this question.