Optimal Sizing of Storage System in a Fast Charging Station for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Fast charging station is indispensable for widespread use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), as it provides a mean to fully charge a PHEV in a short period of time. Application of electrical storage systems (ESSs) in fast charging stations is considered as a way to reduce operational costs of the station and to alleviate negative impacts of station operation on the power grid. This paper proposes an approach to determine the optimal size of the storage system for a fast charging station. In the first step, PHEV charging demand in a station is calculated considering PHEV characteristics as well as driving patterns of PHEV owners. The optimal size of ESS in the charging station is then determined, such that the station energy cost and the storage cost are minimized. The proposed approach considers various technical and economic issues, such as energy loss and life cycle cost of storage system. Using the proposed approach, a set of studies is conducted to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm.