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The efficacy of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) used alone and with bone marrow as a graft material in the treatment of osseous defects was evaluated in 48 patients. Of these 48 patients, 39 were available to follow up and review. Follow up averaged 19 months for all patients. In the entire series, 30 of 39 patients demonstrated osseous union for a 77% success rate. Patients with fracture nonunion represented the most recalcitrant group clinically, with union achieved in only 61% of these cases. Overall, the 39 patients grafted with DBM demonstrated healing that was comparable to results achieved with standard iliac crest bone graft. The results indicate the DBM and marrow composite grafting is a suitable alternative to autologous iliac crest bone graft for use in certain clinical situations, such as bone defects in children, comminuted fractures with associated bone loss, nonunited fractures, or to augment an intended arthrodesis site.
Tiedeman et al. (1995) studied this question.