Cigarette smoking significantly increased daytime and average 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate in treated hypertensive patients compared to a nonsmoking day.
RCT (n=16)
Crossover
Does cigarette smoking increase ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and alter heart rate variability in treated hypertensive patients?
Cigarette smoking acutely increases daytime and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in treated hypertensive patients, likely driven by attenuated parasympathetic nerve activity.
We investigated the influence of cigarette smoking on the levels and circadian patterns of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and HR variability (HRV) in hypertensive patients. Sixteen hypertensive smokers (57 ± 2 years old) receiving antihypertensive treatments participated in this study. Ambulatory monitoring of BP, HR, and electrocardiograms was performed every 30 min for 24 hours on a smoking day and nonsmoking day in a randomized crossover manner. Average 24-hour BP and daytime BP were significantly higher in the smoking period than in the nonsmoking period. No significant differences were observed in nighttime BP between the two periods. Average 24-hour and daytime HR, but not nighttime HR, were also higher in the smoking period than in the nonsmoking period. The daytime high frequency (HF) component of HRV was attenuated more in the smoking period than in the nonsmoking period. No significant differences were observed in the low frequency (LF) components of HRV or LF/HF ratio between the two periods. These results demonstrated that cigarette smoking increased the daytime and average 24-hour BP and HR, and the increases observed in daytime BP and HR were associated with the attenuation of parasympathetic nerve activity.
Ohta et al. (Fri,) conducted a rct in Hypertension (n=16). Smoking day vs. Nonsmoking day was evaluated on Ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Cigarette smoking significantly increased daytime and average 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate in treated hypertensive patients compared to a nonsmoking day.