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This paper presents closed-form steady-state, fundamental-frequency models of power electronic converter systems for coupling distributed resource (DR) units to the utility power grid. Based on the developed models, the paper introduces a two-step power flow analysis approach that accurately and efficiently represents electronically-coupled DR units. A feature of the proposed approach is that it solves for the internal variables of each DR unit in a non-iterative fashion based on the presented closed-form DR models, and thus, enhances efficiency and accuracy of the solution. This papers provides the details for steady-state closed-form formulation of matrix converter and voltage-sourced ac-dc-ac converter for coupling DR units. However, the presented methodology is conceptually applicable to other types of converter systems. An application of the proposed power flow approach to a micro-grid that includes two electronically-coupled DR units is also presented
Nikkhajoei et al. (2007) studied this question.