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Tony, a geology graduate student, is going to be observing students in an introductory classroom in an attempt to determine how the course is affecting student learning. He is interested in determining not only the change in students' understanding of geological concepts, but also the effect of the course on student attitudes, opinions, and interactions with their peers. He has also decided to collect examples of student work and interview students at the end of the semester.
Libarkin et al. (Fri,) studied this question.