Ambient PM 2.5 and Stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: ) has been linked to increased stroke. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of long-term exposure. METHODS: exposure and stroke. Potential effect modification by physical activity and consumption of fruit and vegetables was assessed. RESULTS: in the study population. CONCLUSIONS: may increase the risk of stroke and may be responsible for the astounding stroke burden in low- and middle-income countries. In addition, greater physical activity may enhance, whereas greater consumption of fruit and vegetables may mitigate the effect.