The Rise of the Electric Age for Satellite Propulsion

Abstract A prediction of future directions and trends of the satellite propulsion market could be helpful in the formation of technology development agendas proposed by various global entities such as commercial companies, space agencies, or research institutions. Possible market evolutions are presented, in light of past and present technology development, and the authors' estimation of the upcoming development tracks of the various forms and subclasses of electric propulsion (EP). The history of EP is reviewed in the context of a technology life cycle, with the conclusion that EP is in its early majority pragmatist phase. Specific applications for in-space propulsion, including geostationary communication satellites, low Earth orbit mega constellations, CubeSats, interplanetary missions, and Earth observation satellites, are paired with the appropriate corresponding EP technologies. Rising developers and major influences are noted. It is predicted that EP technologies will likely fragment and diversify to cater more closely to each specific future mission need.